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Veterinary Echocardiography, 2e



¹ß Çà: 2019³â 5¿ù
Àú ÀÚ: June A. Boon
¿ª ÀÚ: ÃÖÈ£Á¤ ¿Ü
¹ßÇàó: OKVET
ISBN: 9788993439779



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1Àå ÃÊÀ½ÆÄ ¹°¸®ÇÐ The Physics of Ultrasound 3
±âº» ¹°¸®ÇÐ Basic Physics 3
ÁÖ±â¿Í ÆÄÀå Cycles and wave lengths 3
ÁÖÆļö Frequency 5
À½ÆÄÀÇ ¼Óµµ Speed of sound 5
À½Çâ ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º Acoustic impedance 6
¹Ý»ç, ±¼Àý, ±×¸®°í »ê¶õ Reflection, Refraction, and Scattering 7
°¨¼è Attenuation 8
Á¶Á÷ Çϸð´Ï ¿µ»ó Tissue harmonic imaging 9
ŽÃËÀÚ¿Í ÇØ»óµµ Transducers and Resolution 9
ÆÞ½º ¹Ýº¹ ºóµµ Pulse Repetition Frequency 9
À½Æĺö Sound Beams 11
Ã༺ ÇØ»óµµ Axial Resolution 12
Ãø¼º ÇØ»óµµ Lateral Resolution 12
¼ø°£ ÇØ»óµµ Temporal resolution 14
µµÇ÷¯ ¹°¸®ÇÐ Doppler Physics 14
µµÇ÷¯ º¯È­ The Doppler Shift 15
µµÇ÷¯ ±â·Ï The Doppler Tracing 15
ÆÞ½ºÆÄ µµÇ÷¯ Pulsed-Wave Doppler 16
¿¬¼ÓÆÄ µµÇ÷¯ Continuous-wave Doppler 17
µµÇ÷¯ °ø½Ä The Doppler Equation 18
°Ë»ç °¢µµ Angle of interrogation 19
ŽÃËÀÚ ÁÖÆļöÀÇ È¿°ú Effect of Transducer Frequency 20
»ùÇøµ(°ÔÀÌÆ®) ±íÀÌÀÇ È¿°ú 21
Ç÷·ù Blood Flow 22
Ä÷¯ µµÇ÷¯ Color-Flow Doppler 23
Á¶Á÷ µµÇ÷¯ ¿µ»ó Tissue Doppler Imaging 26
Çã»ó Artifacts 29
ȯÀÚÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ°ú È£Èí Çã»ó 30
Ãø¿± Çã»ó Side Lobe Artifact 30
´ÙÁ߹ݻç Çã»ó/°Å¿ï Çã»ó Reverberation Artifact/Mirror Image Artifact 31
¿ä¾à 33
Âü°í¹®Çå 35


2Àå 2D ½ÉÀå ÃÊÀ½ÆÄ °Ë»ç The Two - Dimensional Echocardiographic Exam 37
¼­·Ð 37
ȯÀÚÀÇ Áغñ Patient Preparation 37
ȯÀÚÀÇ ÀÚ¼¼ Patient Positioning 37
¼Òµ¿¹°ÀÇ ÀÚ¼¼ Small Animal Positioning 37
´ëµ¿¹°ÀÇ ÀÚ¼¼ Large Animal Positioning 39
ŽÃËÀÚÀÇ ¼±Åà Transducer Selection 40
ÀÌÂ÷¿ø ¿µ»ó Two-Dimensional Images 40
¼­·Ð 40
¿ìÃø Èä°ñÁÖÀ§ ÀåÃà»ó Right Parasternal Long-Axis Images 46
ÁÂ½É½Ç À¯Ãâ·Î ´Ü¸é Left Ventricular Outflow View(Inflow—Outflow View) 46
¿µ»ó 46
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¼Òµ¿¹° 49
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¸» 54
4¹æ»ó Four-Chamber View 58
¿µ»ó 58
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¼Òµ¿¹° 58
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¸» 58
¿ìÃø Èä°ñÁÖÀ§ ÁÂ½É½Ç ´ÜÃà»ó Right Parasternal Short-Axis Images 58
¼­·Ð 58
À¯µÎ±Ù°ú °Ç»èÀÌ º¸ÀÌ´Â ÁÂ½É½Ç ´ÜÃà»ó
Left Ventricle with Papillary Muscles and Chordae Tendinae View 63
¿µ»ó 63
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¼Òµ¿¹° 65
½ºÄµ±â¼ú: ¸» 66
ÀÌ÷ÆÇ ¿µ»ó Mitral Valve View 66
¿µ»ó 66
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¼Òµ¿¹° 66
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¸» 67
½É±âÀúºÎ: ´ëµ¿¸Æ°ú ÁÂ½É¹æ ¿µ»ó Heart Base: Aorta and Left Atrium View 67
¿µ»ó 67
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¼Òµ¿¹° 69
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¸» 69
½É±âÀúºÎ: Æóµ¿¸Æ ¿µ»ó Heart Base: Pulmonary Artery View 69
¿µ»ó 69
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¼Òµ¿¹° 69
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¸» 71
Æ󵿸ÆÀÌ º¸ÀÌ´Â ÁÂ½É½Ç ´Ü¸é Left Ventricle with Pulmonary Artery View 71
¿µ»ó 71
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¼Òµ¿¹° 71
ÁÂÃø Èä°ñÁÖÀ§ ½É÷ ¿µ»ó Left Parasternal Apical Images 72

¼­·Ð 72
½É÷ 5¹æ»ó Apical Five-Chamber View 72
¿µ»ó 72
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¼Òµ¿¹° 75
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¸» 75
½É÷ 4¹æ»ó Apical Four-Chamber View 75
¿µ»ó 75
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¼Òµ¿¹° 75
ÁÂÃø Èä°ñÁÖÀ§ ¾ÕÂÊ ÀåÃà»ó Left-Parasternal Cranial Long-Axis Images 80
¼­·Ð 80
ÁÂÃø ¾ÕÂÊ ÁÂ½É½Ç À¯Ãâ·Î»ó Left cranial left Ventricular Outflow View 80
¿µ»ó 80
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¼Òµ¿¹° 80
ÁÂÃø ¾ÕÂÊ ¿ì½É¹æ ¹× ¿ì½ÉÀÌ ¿µ»ó Left Cranial Right Atrium and Auricle View 80
¿µ»ó 80
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¼Òµ¿¹° 81
ÁÂÃø ¾ÕÂÊ ¿ì½É½Ç À¯Ãâ·Î»ó Left Cranial Right Ventricular Outflow View 82
¿µ»ó 82
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¼Òµ¿¹° 83
ÁÂÃø ¾ÕÂÊ 4¹æ»ó: ¸» Left Cranial Four-chamber view: Equine 85
¿µ»ó 85
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¸» 86
ÁÂÃø ¾ÕÂÊ 5¹æ»ó: ´ëµ¿¹° Left Cranial Five-Chamber View:Large Animal 87
¿µ»ó 87
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¸» 87
ÁÂÃø Èä°ñÁÖÀ§ ´ÜÃà»ó Left Parasternal Short-Axis Images 87
¼­·Ð 87
ÁÂÃø ¾ÕÂÊ ½É±âÀúºÎ ´ÜÃà»ó Left Cranial Transverse Heart Base View 88
¿µ»ó 88
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¼Òµ¿¹° 89
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¸» 90
ÁÂÃø ¾ÕÂÊ Á½ÉÀÌ ¿µ»ó: ¼Òµ¿¹° Left Cranial Left Auricle View: Small Animal 90
¿µ»ó 90
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¼Òµ¿¹° 90
ÁÂÃø ¾ÕÂÊ ÁÂ½É½Ç ´ÜÃà»ó: ¸» Left Cranial Transverse Left Ventricle View: Equine 91
¿µ»ó 91
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¸» 92
´Á°ñ¹Ø ¿µ»ó Subcostal Image 92
´Á°ñ¹Ø 5¹æ»ó: ¼Òµ¿¹° Subcostal Five-Chamber View: Small Animal 92
¿µ»ó 92
½ºÄµ ±â¼ú: ¼Òµ¿¹° 92

2D ¿µ»óÀÇ Á¦¾î/Á¶Á¤ Two-Dimensional Imaging Controls 93
¼­·Ð 93
±íÀÌ Depth 93
Gain 93
Time Gain Compensation(TGC) 93
¿ªµ¿¹üÀ§ Compress/Dynamic Range 96
Persistence/Frame Averaging 96
¼½ÅÍ ³Êºñ Sector Width 96
ÃÊÁ¡ Focus 97
Harmonics 97
Gray Map 98
Âü°í¹®Çå 98


3Àå M¸ðµå ¹× µµÇ÷¯ °Ë»ç The M-Mode and Doppler Examination 101
¼­·Ð 101
M¸ðµå ½ÉÀå ÃÊÀ½ÆÄ M-MODE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 101
¼­·Ð 101
Á¶Àý 101
Ä¿¼­ Cursor 105
Sweep speed 105
M¸ðµå ¿µ»ó°ú ±â¼ú M-Mode Images and Technique 105
ÁÂ½É½Ç Left Ventricle 105
ÀÌ÷ÆÇ Mitral Valve 108
´ëµ¿¸Æ ±â½ÃºÎ Aortic Root 110
ÀÌ÷ÆÇ·ûÀÇ ¿îµ¿ Mitral Annular Motion 112
Ä÷¯ µµÇ÷¯ Color-Flow Doppler 112
¼­·Ð 112
Á¶Àý 112
Gain 113
Ä÷¯ ¼½ÅÍÀÇ Æø°ú ³ôÀÌ Color Sector Width and Height 113
Ä÷¯ ¸Ê Color Map 113
¿ªÄ¡ Threshold ¶Ç´Â Á¶Á÷ ¿ì¼±µµ Tissue Priority 114
Ä÷¯ Ç÷·ù ó¸® Color-Flow processing 114
±âº»¼± Base line 115
Persistence/Frame Averaging 115
Á¤»ó Ä÷¯ Ç÷·ù ¿µ»ó Normal Color-Flow Images 116
¼­·Ð 116
ÀÌ÷ÆÇ Ç÷·ù¿Í »ï÷ÆÇ Ç÷·ù Mitral Valve and Tricuspid Valve Flow 118
´ëµ¿¸Æ Ç÷·ù Aortic Flow 118
Æóµ¿¸Æ Ç÷·ù Pulmonary Artery Flow 118
½ºÆåÆ®¶ö µµÇ÷¯ Spectral Doppler 118

¼­·Ð 118
Á¶Àý 120
Ä¿¼­ Cursor 120
Gate 120
Gate Size 120
°¢µµ º¸Á¤ Angle Correction 120
±âº»¼± Baseline 120
¹üÀ§ Scale 124
Doppler gain 124
Wall Filters 128
Sweep Speed 128
Á¤»ó µµÇ÷¯ Ç÷·ù ÇÁ·ÎÆÄÀÏ ¹× ±â¹ý Normal Doppler Flow Profiles and Technique 129
¼­·Ð 129
´ëµ¿¸Æ Ç÷·ù Aortic Flow 130
»ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¿µ»ó ´Ü¸é 130
Ç÷·ù ÇüÅ 132
ÁÂ½É½Ç À¯Ãâ·Î Ç÷·ù Left Ventricular Outflow Tract flow 132
»ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¿µ»ó´Ü¸é 132
Ç÷·ù ÇüÅ 132
Æóµ¿¸Æ Ç÷·ù Pulmonary Artery Flow 132
»ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¿µ»ó´Ü¸é 132
Ç÷·ù ÇüÅ 135
¿ì½É½Ç À¯Ãâ·Î Ç÷·ù Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Flow 135
»ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¿µ»ó´Ü¸é 135
Ç÷·ù ÇüÅ 135
ÀÌ÷ÆÇ Åë°ú Ç÷·ù Transmitral Flow 135
»ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¿µ»ó´Ü¸é 135
Ç÷·ù ÇüÅ 138
»ï÷ÆÇ Åë°ú Ç÷·ù Trans Tricuspid Flow 139
»ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¿µ»ó´Ü¸é 139
Ç÷·ù ÇüÅ 142
ÆóÁ¤¸Æ Ç÷·ù Pulmonary Vein Flow 142
»ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¿µ»ó´Ü¸é 142
Ç÷·ù ÇüÅ 144
µî¿ëÀû À̿ϱâ Isovolumic Relaxation Time, IVRT 144
»ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¿µ»ó´Ü¸é 144
Ç÷·ù ÇüÅ 144
Á½ÉÀÌ Ç÷·ù Left Auricular Flow 145
»ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¿µ»ó ´Ü¸é 145
Ç÷·ù ÇüÅ 145
Á¶Á÷ µµÇ÷¯ ¿µ»ó Tissue Doppler Imaging; TDI 146

¼­·Ð 146
»ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¿µ»ó ´Ü¸é 148
½ºÆåÆ®¶ö ÇüÅ 149
Âü°í¹®Çå 149


4Àå Å©±â, ±â´É°ú Ç÷¿ªµ¿ÇÐÀû Æò°¡ Evaluation of Size, Function, and Hemodynamics 153
ÀÌÂ÷¿ø ¿µ»óÀÇ ÃøÁ¤°ú Æò°¡ 153
Å©±âÀÇ ÁÖ°üÀû Æò°¡ 153
¿ìÃø Èä°ñÁÖÀ§ ÀåÃà ÁÂ½É½Ç À¯Ãâ·Î»ó Right parasternal long-axis left ventricular outflow view 153
¿ìÃø Èä°ñÁÖÀ§ ÀåÃà 4¹æ»ó Right parasternal Long-Axis Four-Chamber View 158
¿ìÃø Èä°ñÁÖÀ§ ÁÂ½É½Ç È¾´Ü¸é»ó Right Parasternal Transverse Left Ventricle 159
½É±âÀúºÎÀÇ ¿ìÃø Èä°ñÁÖÀ§ Ⱦ´Ü¸é Right Parasternal Transverse Heart Base 160
Á¤·®Àû Å©±â ÃøÁ¤ 162
ÁÂ½É½Ç ³»°­, º®, ±×¸®°í Áß°Ý Left Ventricular Chamber, Wall, and Septum 163
ÁÂ½É½Ç Áú·® Left Ventricular Mass 164
´ëµ¿¸Æ°ú Á½ɹæ Aorta and Left Atrium 168
¿ì½É½Ç ³»°­ Right Ventricular Chamber 170
Á¤·®Àû ÃøÁ¤ÀÇ Æò°¡ Evaluation of Quantitative Measurements 171
°³ 171
°í¾çÀÌ 171
¸» 172
M¸ðµå ¿µ»óÀÇ ÃøÁ¤°ú Æò°¡ Measurement and Assessment of M-Mode Images 172
M¸ðµå ¿µ»óÀ» À§ÇÑ ÃøÁ¤ °¡À̵å¶óÀÎ 172
ÁÂ½É½Ç 173
ÃøÁ¤ 173
ÃøÁ¤ ¿À·ù 177
Æò°¡ 181
ÀÌ÷ÆÇ Mitral Valve 182
ÃøÁ¤ 182
Æò°¡ 182
Á½ɹæ°ú ´ëµ¿¸Æ 183
ÃøÁ¤ 183
Æò°¡ 184
ºñÀ² Áö¼ö Ratio Indices 185
½ºÆåÆ®¶ö µµÇ÷¯ Ç÷·ùÀÇ ÃøÁ¤°ú Æò°¡ Measurement and Assessment of Spectral Doppler Flow 186
ÃøÁ¤ 186
ÃÖ°í ¼Óµµ¿Í Æò±Õ ¼Óµµ Peak and Mean Velocity 186
Flow Velocity Integral 186
¼öÃà±â ½Ã°£ °£°Ý Systolic Time Intervals 186
È®Àå±â ½Ã°£ °£°Ý Diastolic Time Intervals 187
Æò°¡ 187

´ëµ¿¸Æ Ç÷·ù Aortic Flow 188
Æóµ¿¸Æ Ç÷·ù Pulmonary Artery Flow 188
¼öÃà±â ½Ã°£ °£°Ý Systolic Time Intervals 190
ÀÌ÷ÆÇ Ç÷·ù Mitral Valve Flow 190
»ï÷ÆÇ Ç÷·ù Tricuspid Valve Flow 192
ÆóÁ¤¸Æ Ç÷·ù Pulmonary Vein Flow 192
µî¿ëÀû ÀÌ¿Ï ½Ã°£ Isovolumic Relaxation Time 193
Á½ÉÀÌ Ç÷·ù Left Auricle Flow 193
Á¶Á÷ µµÇ÷¯ ¿µ»óÀÇ ÃøÁ¤°ú Æò°¡ Easurement and Assessment of Tissue Doppler Imaging 193
ÃøÁ¤ 193
Æò°¡ 193
Ä÷¯ µµÇ÷¯ Æò°¡ Evaluation of Color-Flow Doppler 196
Á¤»ó ¿ª·ù Normal Regurgitant Flows 196
½É½Ç ±â´ÉÀÇ Æò°¡ Evaluation of Ventricular Function 198
¼öÃà±â´É Systolic Function 198
ÁÂ½É½Ç ±â´É Left Ventricular Function 198
¿ì½É½Ç ±â´É Right Ventricular Function 201
¼öÃà±â´ÉÀÇ M¸ðµå Æò°¡ M-mode Evaluation of Systolic Function 201
±¸È¹´ÜÃàÀ²-ÁÂ½É½Ç Fractional Shortening - Left Ventricle 201
¿ëÀû, ¹ÚÃâ·ü ±×¸®°í ½É¹ÚÃâ·® Volume, Ejection Fraction, and Cardiac Output 202
ÁÂ½É½Ç 202
¿ì½É½Ç 204
¼öÃà±â ½Ã°£ °£°Ý Systolic Time Intervals 204
ÀÌ÷ÆÇ°ú »ï÷ÆÇ·û ¿îµ¿ Mitral and Tricuspid Annular Motion 205
¼öÃà±â´ÉÀÇ ÀÌÂ÷¿ø ¿µ»ó ÃøÁ¤ Two-Dimensional Measurement of Systolic Function 206
¿ëÀû, ¹ÚÃâ·ü, ±×¸®°í ½É¹ÚÃâ·® Volume, Ejection Fraction, and Cardiac Output 206
¼öÃà±â´ÉÀÇ ½ºÆåÆ®·² µµÇ÷¯ Æò°¡ Spectral Doppler Evaluation of Systolic Function 210
Ç÷·ù·® Volumetric Flow 210
¼öÃà±â ½Ã°£ °£°Ý Systolic Time Intervals 213
½É±Ù ¼º´É Áö¼ö Myocardial Performance Index 213
¼öÃà±â´ÉÀÇ Á¶Á÷ µµÇ÷¯ Æò°¡ Tissue Doppler Evaluation of Systolic Function 216
ÁÂ½É½Ç 216
¿ì½É½Ç 217
È®Àå±â´É Æò°¡ Evaluation of Diastolic Function 217
ÀÌ¿Ï ¼Õ»ó Impaired relaxation 219
¼øÀÀµµ °¨¼Ò Decreased Compliance 220
ÁÂ½É¹æ ¾Ð·Â Áõ°¡ Elevated Left Atrial Pressure 220
°¡Á¤»ó Pseudonormalization 223
È®Àå±â´É Á¤µµ Æò°¡ Grading of Diastolic Function 224
½ÉÃÊÀ½ÆÄ °Ë»ç·Î ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Ç÷¿ªµ¿ÇÐÀû Á¤º¸ 225
µµÇ÷¯ Ç÷¿ªµ¿ÇÐ Á¤º¸ Doppler hemodynamic Information 225

¾Ð·Â Â÷ÀÌ Pressure Gradients 226
¼öÃà±â ÁÂ½É½Ç ¾Ð·Â°ú Àü½Å Ç÷¾Ð Systolic Left Ventricular and Systemic Pressures 229
¼öÃà±â ¿ì½É½Ç°ú Æóµ¿¸Æ ¾Ð·Â Systolic Right Ventricular and Pulmonary Pressures 230
È®Àå±â Àü½Å Ç÷¾Ð Diastolic Systemic Pressure 231
È®Àå±â Æóµ¿¸Æ ¾Ð·Â Diastolic Pulmonary Pressure 232
¿ª·ùÀ² Regurgitant Fraction 232
´Ü¶ôÀ² Shunt Ratios 234
¾Ð·Â ¹Ý°¨±â Pressure Half-Time 234
´ëµ¿¸Æ ¿ª·ù Aortic Regurgitation 234
ÀÌ÷ÆÇ°ú »ï÷ÆÇ ÇùÂø Mitral and Tricuspid Stenosis 236
M¸ðµåÀÇ Ç÷¿ªµ¿ÇÐÀû Á¤º¸ M-mode Hemodynamic Information 236
´ëµ¿¸Æ ÆǸ· ¿îµ¿ Aortic Valve motion 237
ÀÌ÷ÆǸ· ¿îµ¿ Mitral Valve Motion 237
Á½ɽǺ® Left Ventricular Wall 239
Áß°Ý Interventricular Septum 239
Âü°í¹®Çå 247
¿¬½À ¹®Á¦ 256
¹®Á¦ ´ä¾È 261


5Àå ÈÄõÀû ÆǸ· Áúȯ Acquired Valvular Disease 267
ÀÌ÷ÆÇ ¿ª·ùÁõ Mitral Regurgitation 267
ÀÌÂ÷¿ø ¿µ»ó°ú M¸ðµå Æò°¡ 269
ÆǸ· ÇüÅÂ¿Í ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ 269
ÅðÇ༺ º´º¯ Degenerative Lesion 269
°Ç»è ÆÄ¿­ 271
ÀÌ÷ÆÇ Å»Ãâ Prolapse 274
Á½ɽÇÀÇ Å©±â 276
ÁÂ½É½Ç ±â´É 281
Ä÷¯ µµÇ÷¯ °Ë»ç 284
Á¦Æ® Ç÷·ùÀÇ ¸éÀû 284
±ÙÀ§ µî¼Ó Ç¥¸éÀû Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area 290
Vena Contracta 293
½ºÆåÆ®·² µµÇ÷¯ Æò°¡ 294
Á¦Æ® ¸éÀû 294
¿ª·ù·®°ú ¿ª·ùÀ² 294
ÀÌ÷ÆÇ Ç÷·ù Transmitral valve flow 295
¿ª·ù Á¦Æ®ÀÇ ¼º»ó 296
ÆóÁ¤¸Æ Ç÷·ù 298
Æó °íÇ÷¾ÐÀÇ ¹ß»ý 298
±Þ¼º ÀÌ÷ÆÇ ¿ª·ùÁõ 302
È®Àå±â ÀÌ÷ÆDZâ´ÉºÎÀü 302

ÀÌ÷ÆÇ ¿ª·ùÁõ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀüüÀûÀÎ Æò°¡ 302
´ëµ¿¸ÆÆǸ·±â´ÉºÎÀü 303
2D ¿µ»ó°ú M¸ðµå Æò°¡ 303
ÆǸ·ÀÇ ¼º»ó°ú ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ 303
Á½ɽÇÀÇ Å©±â¿Í ±â´É 308
Ä÷¯ µµÇ÷¯ Æò°¡ 309
Á¦Æ® Å©±â 309
Vena contracta 312
Proximal isovelocity surface area(PISA) 313
½ºÆåÆ®·² µµÇ÷¯ 314
¾Ð·Â ¹Ý°¨ ½Ã°£ Pressure half time°ú °æ»ç Slope 314
¿ª·ù·®°ú ¿ª·ùÀ² 316
È®Àå±â Ç÷·ù ¿ªÀü Diastole flow reversal 317
¿ª·ù Ç÷·ùÀÇ ¼º»ó 317
´ëµ¿¸ÆÆǸ·±â´ÉºÎÀü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ Æò°¡ 318
»ï÷ÆDZâ´ÉºÎÀü 319
ÀÌÂ÷¿ø ¿µ»ó°ú M¸ðµå Æò°¡ 319
Ä÷¯ µµÇ÷¯ À̹ÌÁö 322
½ºÆåÆ®·² µµÇ÷¯ À̹ÌÁö 322
»ï÷ÆÇ ¿ª·ù¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀüüÀûÀÎ Æò°¡ 322
Æ󵿸ÆÆǸ·±â´ÉºÎÀü 324
ÀÌÂ÷¿ø ¿µ»ó Æò°¡ 324
Ä÷¯ µµÇ÷¯ À̹ÌÁö 324
½ºÆåÆ®·² µµÇ÷¯ À̹ÌÁö 325
Æ󵿸ÆÆǸ·±â´ÉºÎÀüÀÇ Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ Æò°¡ 325
½É³»¸·¿° Vegetative Endocarditis 325
Âü°í¹®Çå 327


6Àå °íÇ÷¾Ð¼º ½ÉÀå Áúȯ Hypertensive Heart Disease 335
Æóµ¿¸Æ °íÇ÷¾Ð Pulmonary Hypertension 335
ÀÌÂ÷¿ø ¿µ»ó°ú M¸ðµå °Ë»ç ¼Ò°ß 335
µµÇ÷¯ Æò°¡ 343
Á¶Á÷ µµÇ÷¯ 349
½ÉÀå»ç»óÃæ 350
Àü½Å °íÇ÷¾Ð Systemic Hypertension 351
ÀÌÂ÷¿ø ¿µ»ó°ú M¸ðµå Ư¡ 351
½ºÆåÆ®¶ö µµÇ÷¯ °Ë»ç 354
Á¶Á÷ µµÇ÷¯ ¿µ»ó 355
Âü°í¹®Çå 356


7Àå ½É±Ù Áúȯ Myocardial Diseases 359
ºñ´ë¼º ½É±ÙÁõ Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 359
ÀÌÂ÷¿ø ÃÊÀ½ÆÄ¿Í M¸ðµå Æò°¡ Two-dimensional and M-mode evaluation 359
ÁÂ½É½Ç 359
Á½ɹæ 360
ÁÂ½É½Ç À¯Ãâ·Î Æó¼â Left ventricular outflow obstruction 360
¼öÃà±â´É Systolic function 367
HCMÀÇ µµÇ÷¯ Æò°¡ Doppler Evaluation of HCM 367
À¯Ãâ·Î Æó¼âÀÇ Æò°¡ Evaluation of Outflow Obstruction 367
È®Àå±â´É Æò°¡ Evaluation of Diastolic Function 370
È®Àå±â´ÉÀÇ ÆÞ½ºÆÄ µµÇ÷¯ Æò°¡ Pulsed-Wave Doppler Evaluation of Diastolic Function 370
È®Àå±â´ÉÀÇ Á¶Á÷ µµÇ÷¯ Æò°¡ Tissue Doppler Evaluation of Diastolic Function 373
È®Àå±â ±â´É ÀúÇÏÀÇ Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ Æò°¡ Overall Assessment of Diastolic Dysfunction 376
ÇÕº´Áõ 376
Ç÷Àü Thrombus 376
ÇãÇ÷°ú Effusion Ischemia and Effusion 377
ºñ´ëÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¿øÀÎ Other Causes of Hypertrophy 379
¿ªµ¿Àû ¿ì½É½Ç À¯Ãâ·Î Æó»ö Dynamic Right Ventricular Outflow Obstruction 380
Moderator Bands 381
È®À强 ½É±ÙÁõ Dilated Cardiomyopathy 381
ÀÌÂ÷¿ø ¿µ»ó°ú M¸ðµå Æò°¡ 381
Á¶±â Áø´Ü 388
°á°úÀÇ ¿¹Ãø 390
¼öÃà±â´É ÀúÇÏÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¿øÀÎ Other Causes of Poor Systolic Function 392
Ä÷¯ µµÇ÷¯ °Ë»ç 393
½ºÆåÆ®·² µµÇ÷¯ °Ë»ç 393
¼öÃà±â´É Systolic Function 393
È®Àå±â´É Diastolic Function 393
¿ì½É½Ç ½É±Ù(º´)Áõ Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy 396
Á¦ÇѼº ½É±ÙÁõ Restrictive Cardiomyopathy 396
ÀÌÂ÷¿ø ¿µ»ó Æò°¡ 396
±â´É Æò°¡ 399
´Ù¸¥ Áúȯ°úÀÇ °¨º° 399
½É³»¸·Åº·Â¼¶À¯Áõ Endocardial Fibroelastosis 400
ºÎÁ¤¸Æ¼º ¿ì½É½Ç ½É±ÙÁõ Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy 400
½É±Ù°æ»ö Myocardial Infarction 400
½É±Ù Á»ó Myocardial Contusions 403
Âü°í¹®Çå 404


8Àå ½É³¶ Áúȯ, ½É³¶¼ö¿Í Á¾¾ç Pericardial Disease, Effusions, and Masses 411
½É³¶¼ö Pericardial Effusion 411
½É³¶¼öÀÇ ½ÉÃÊÀ½ÆÄ Æ¯Â¡ 411
½ÉÀå¾ÐÀü Cardiac Tamonade 414
½É³¶¼ö¿Í ½ÉÀåÀÇ ±â´É Cardiac Function with Pericardial Effusion 416
½É³¶¼ö¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃÅ°´Â Á¾¾ç 416
¼­·Ð 416
´ëµ¿¸Æü Á¾¾ç Aortic Body Tumors 416
´Ù¸¥ ½ÉÀå ±âÀúºÎÀÇ Á¾±« Other Heart Base Masses 418
Ç÷°üÀ°Á¾ Hemangiosarcoma 420
¸²ÇÁÀ°Á¾ Lymphosarcoma 422
´Ù¸¥ ½ÉÀå³» Á¾¾ç 424
Áö¹æÁ¾ Lipomas 424
Ⱦ¹®±ÙÀ°Á¾ Rhabdomyosarcoma 425
Á¡¾×Á¾°ú Á¡¾×À°Á¾ Myxoma and Myxosarcoma 425
½É³¶ Áúȯ Pericardial Disease 425
¼­·Ð 425
Ư¹ß¼º ½É³¶¼ö Idiopathic Effusion 425
½É³¶ Á¾¾ç Pericardial Neoplasia 426
°¨¿°¼º ½É³¶¿° Infectious Pericarditis 427
¼öÃ༺ ½É¸·¿° Constrictive Pericarditis 428
ÀÌÂ÷¿ø ¿µ»ó ¼Ò°ß 428
M¸ðµå °Ë»ç ¼Ò°ß 429
½ºÆåÆ®¶ö µµÇ÷¯ ¼Ò°ß 430
³ó¾ç Abscesses 431
½É¸· ³¶Æ÷ Pericardial Cysts 431
Ç÷Àü Thrombus 431
Âü°í¹®Çå 431


9Àå ¼±Ãµ¼º ´Ü¶ô°ú ¹æ½ÇÆǸ· ÀÌÇü¼º Congenital Shunts and AV Valve Dysplasia 437
½É½ÇÁß°Ý°á¼Õ Ventricular Septal Defect; VSD 437
¼­·Ð 437
2D¿Í M¸ðµå Æò°¡ 437
½ºÆåÆ®¶ö µµÇ÷¯¿Í Ä÷¯µµÇ÷¯ Æò°¡ 446
µ¿¸Æ°ü °³Á¸Áõ Patent Ductus Arteriosus; PDA 450
¼­·Ð 450
2D¿Í M¸ðµå Æò°¡ 450
±¸Á¶Àû º¯È­ 450
ÁÂ½É½Ç ±â´É 452
½ºÆåÆ®·² µµÇ÷¯¿Í Ä÷¯µµÇ÷¯ Æò°¡ 453

´ëµ¿¸ÆÆóµ¿¸Æ °³Ã¢ Aorticopulmonary Window 458
¿ìÁ´ܶô PDA 459
½É¹æÁß°Ý°á¼Õ Atrial Septal Defect; ASD 459
¼­·Ð 459
2D¿Í M¸ðµå Æò°¡ 461
½ºÆåÆ®·² µµÇ÷¯ ¹× Ä÷¯µµÇ÷¯ Æò°¡ 464
½É³»¸·À¶±â°á¼Õ Endocardial Cushion Defects 465
¹öºí ½ºÅ͵ð Bubble Study 467
¹æ½ÇÆǸ· ÀÌÇü¼º Atrioventricular Valve Dysplasia 468
»ï÷ÆÇ ÀÌÇü¼º Tricuspid dysplasia 468
ÀÌ÷ÆÇ ÀÌÇü¼º Mitral dysplasia 468
Âü°í¹®Çå 472


10Àå ÇùÂø º´º¯ Stenotic Lesions 477
À¯Ãâ·Î Æó»ö Outflow Obstruction 477
´ëµ¿¸ÆÇùÂø Aortic Stenosis 477
2D Æò°¡ 479
M¸ðµå Æò°¡ 486
±â´ÉÆò°¡ 488
Ä÷¯ µµÇ÷¯ Æò°¡ 488
½ºÆåÆ®·² µµÇ÷¯ Æò°¡ 491
Æóµ¿¸Æ ÇùÂø Pulmonary stenosis; PS 495
2D Æò°¡ 495
½ºÆåÆ®·² µµÇ÷¯ Æò°¡ 501
Ä÷¯ µµÇ÷¯ Æò°¡ 503
¿ì½É½Ç¾çºÐÁõ DCRV, Double Chamber Right Ventricle°ú ±ò¶§±â ÇùÂøÁõ infundibular stenosis 504
2D¿Í µµÇ÷¯ Æò°¡ 505
À¯ÀÔ·Î Æó»ö Inflow Obstruction 507
ÀÌ÷ÆÇ ÇùÂø Mitral stenosis 507
M¸ðµå Æò°¡ 509
2D Æò°¡ 509
Ä÷¯ µµÇ÷¯ Æò°¡ 510
½ºÆåÆ®·² µµÇ÷¯ Æò°¡ 510
»ï÷ÆÇ ÇùÂø Tricuspid stenosis 513
2D¿Í M¸ðµå Æò°¡ 513
Ä÷¯ ¹× ½ºÆåÆ®·² µµÇ÷¯ Æò°¡ 514
»ï¹æ½É Cor Triatriatum 515
¿ì»ï¹æ½É 516
Á»ï¹æ½É 517
ÆÈ·Ô »çÁõ Tetralogy of Fallot; TOF 517
Âü°í¹®Çå 522


APPENDIX
APPENDIX ONE Bovine 527
APPENDIX TWO Canine 531
APPENDIX THREE Equine 559
APPENDIX FOUR Feline 569
APPENDIX FIVE Miscellaneous Species 581



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